Author: Dr. Anna Fogarty

What is “Neurodiversity”?

Neurodiversity captures the idea that developmental differences are a result of normal variations in the genome. It is a movement that focuses on brain differences rather than deficits and challenging one’s ideas about “normalcy” and the value placed on conforming to neurotypical ideals. There are many labels that are discussed within the neurodivergent “umbrella,” but one of the identities commonly associated with the advocacy movement is autism.

Given that differences are considered a natural part of human genetics, it is believed that affirming treatment involves harnessing the strengths of an individual and helping them to navigate the challenges of living in a neuro-typical world and access supports. Inclusion is an essential piece of supporting those with all aspects of difference, including neurodiversity.

What is “The Double Empathy Problem”?

The theory was first developed by autistic researcher Damian Milton in 2012 to describe an alternative perspective to the myth that autistic individuals are lacking in empathy. Rather, he suggests, that because there is so much natural variation in the way people process information, we are apt to misunderstand each other. This difficulty in empathizing with one another can be made even more challenging when there are differences or barriers in language & communication. Think about what it is like communicating with someone who speaks a different language than you, or someone who has a very different perspective on an issue—so much can be missed in these exchanges, and often people resort to frustration reactions or a shut-down of empathy.

There is research to support this theory, such as those that have explored the relatively improved comfort and accuracy of communications between autistic individuals compared to those between autistic and non-autistic subjects. Therefore, it is useful to consider the empathy “blind spots” we all have due to the relative ease of communicating with those who are more similar to us and how we can improve in this area.

Why is screening & assessment important?

Everyone’s brain works differently, and this is something that we want to celebrate as diversity brings so much richness to our worlds. However, it is also true that many of those who identify as neurodivergent often feel as if the world was not built for them, and many experience distressing emotional symptoms due to the challenges of living in a neurotypical environment.

We know autism is a spectrum and even within this subgroup of neurotypes, there can be a great amount of difference between individuals who call themselves autistic. If you look at the core processing differences in autism, both strengths and challenges, it can present very differently in terms of the support required and the identifiable features of this brain-type. Therefore, one important purpose of screening and assessment is to provide an outline of an individual’s experience so that they can understand themselves and their identity, and learn about how they interact with the world. It can also be helpful at times to organize one’s understanding around diagnostic labels because these can serve as roadmaps to guide treatment and interventions that can be tailored to the individual and their unique needs. Having this greater understanding can help those around an individual to better empathize with them and understand how to best support them. There is a lot of community that can be found amongst neurodivergent individuals, and testing can sometimes provide an access point to an important source of belonging.

How can I support the message of neurodiversity?

1. First of all, words matter. Be sure to check in with others regarding how they identify themselves and how they would like you to refer to them.
2. Use strength-based language, not deficits.
3. Reduce stigma! Research the history of autism and other neurodivergent identities and advocate for inclusion of those with different neuro-types.
4. Learn about “masking”—this term represents the ways neurodivergent individuals may change their behaviors to meet the expectations of a social code. It can also be incredibly exhausting and lead to burnout! Misconceptions about masking can make it hard for some to be seen and celebrated for who they are.
5. Listen to and center autistic voices. The Autism Self Advocacy Network is a great place to start.
6. Support autistic-led organizations and businesses.

For additional information about Shared Vision’s assessments & screenings as well as support services for individuals & parents please contact our Intake Team.